Jonas Salk’s Poliovaccine
…clinical trial of IPV were announced. The trial, supported by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) and organized by Thomas Francis of the University of Michigan, involved 1.8 million…
Search Results for: Trial by Error
At least we’re not vexatious
On 17 December 2015, Ron Davis, Bruce Levin, David Tuller and I requested trial data from the PACE study of treatments for ME/CFS published in The Lancet in 2011. Below…
First efficacy results of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate
…The term ‘efficacy’ is used when a study is carried out under ideal conditions, for example, during a clinical trial. Vaccine effectiveness is used when a study is carried out…
A controlled trial of face masks for COVID-19
…been tested in the Bangladeshi trial. The face mask trial was carried out in rural Bangladesh from November 2020 to April 2021. It enrolled 342,183 adults in 600 villages and…
Increased fidelity reduces viral fitness
We have spent over a week discussing the effects of polymerase error rates on viruses. RNA viruses have the highest error rates in nature, a property that is believed to…
Viral variation in single cells
…carry out error-prone replication to adapt to new environments. A consequence is that RNA virus populations exist close to an error threshold beyond which infectivity is lost. How the balance…