Influenza vaccine – hold the eggs
Influenza virus undergoes continuous antigenic variation, necessitating production of a new vaccine each year. This is not a trivial task. Six to nine months before the flu season begins, the…
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Reverse zoonoses: Human viruses that infect other animals
…Li, G., Zhang, G., Liu, H., Yan, L., Liao, M., & Tong, G. (2009). Further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like H1N1 influenza viruses in China Virus Research, 140…
Swine influenza H1N1 update
…been confirmed by laboratory tests. For example, the suspected death toll in Mexico is 149, with 1995 hospitalizations. There are also suspected cases in England and Australia. As a consequence…
Swine influenza, seasonality, and the northern hemisphere
…these and other northern hemisphere countries began in December and ceased at the end of April 1969. In Australia epidemic spread of the H3N2 virus began in January 1969, ended…
Swine influenza daily update
…isolations on the previous day. There are new laboratory confirmed isolations of the virus in Australia (3), Israel (1, a traveler returning from Mexico), and New Zealand (3). The number…
Viruses and the respiratory tract
…out of the lungs by ciliary action. The lowest reaches of the respiratory tract – the aveoli – are devoid of cilia. However, these gas-exchanging sacs are endowed with macrophages,…