There are two glycoproteins embedded in the influenza viral membrane: the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The NA, shown in yellow in the illustration, is an enzyme that removes sialic acids from the surface of the cell, so that newly formed virions can be released. The NA protein is composed ...

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dick Despommier, Alan Dove, and Delthia Ricks In episode #42 of the podcast "This Week in Virology", Vincent, Dick, Alan, and Delthia Ricks discuss a new influenza virus-like particle vaccine, dog flu, ultrasensitive pen-sized virus detector, imported rabies in the US, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and next season's flu vaccines. ...

The antibody response is crucial for preventing many viral infections and may also contribute to resolution of infection. When a vertebrate is infected with a virus, antibodies are produced against many epitopes on multiple virus proteins. A subset of these antibodies can block virus infection by a process that is called neutralization. ...

With the looming prospect of mass immunization against influenza, it's important to understand how vaccines work. To do this we must have a good understanding of adaptive immune defenses. Today we'll begin a discussion of the humoral arm of the adaptive immune response - antibodies. Antibodies are large proteins produced ...

While most adults cannot name a scientist, the readers of virology blog can identify many of them. I asked readers to spontaneously name just one scientist, and I received 204 responses. Nine of the individuals named were not scientists; that left 195 responses out of 204, indicating that 96% of ...