The fact that viruses routinely and frequently cause disease shows that our defense mechanisms are imperfect. This occurs in large part because nearly every viral genome encodes one or more countermeasures to modulate host defenses. Influenza virus is no exception. One of the viral proteins, called NS1, is particularly adept at impairing the synthesis of …
How influenza virus inhibits early antiviral responses Read More »
In response to viral infection, many organisms mount a remarkable defense known as the immune response. This response to viral infection consists of an innate, or nonspecific component, and an adaptive, or specific defense. The innate response is considered the first line of immune defense because it is active even before infection begins. In fact, …
When influenza virus is introduced into the respiratory tract, by aerosol or by contact with saliva or other respiratory secretions from an infected individual, it attaches to and replicates in epithelial cells. The virus replicates in cells of both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Viral replication combined with the immune response to infection (which …
On episode 34 of the podcast “This Week in Virology”, Vincent, Alan, and Stephen Morse discuss progressive vaccinia in a smallpox vaccinee, arsenic and influenza in mice, facemasks and flu transmission, and antigenic and genetic analyses of the new H1N1 influenza virus. [powerpress url=”http://traffic.libsyn.com/twiv/TWiV034.mp3″] Click the arrow above to play, or right-click to download TWiV …
The microneutralization assay is another technique used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine that some adults have serum cross-reactive antibodies to the new influenza H1N1 virus. Let’s explore how this assay works. Viral replication is often studied in the laboratory by infecting cells that are grown in plastic dishes or flasks, …
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have determined that some adults have serum cross-reactive antibodies to the new influenza H1N1 virus. One of the techniques used to reach this conclusion is the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. How does this assay work? To understand the HI assay, we must discuss the hemagglutination assay. Influenza virus particles …
