Now that we have discussed influenza pathogenesis in humans and the innate immune defenses, we can tackle the conclusion that type I IFN mediates the development of secondary bacterial pneumonia in mice. Secondary bacterial pneumonia occurs after the patient has begun to recover from influenza infection, and often influenza virus can no longer be isolated. …
Interferons and secondary pneumonia after influenza Read More »
The fact that viruses routinely and frequently cause disease shows that our defense mechanisms are imperfect. This occurs in large part because nearly every viral genome encodes one or more countermeasures to modulate host defenses. Influenza virus is no exception. One of the viral proteins, called NS1, is particularly adept at impairing the synthesis of …
How influenza virus inhibits early antiviral responses Read More »
When influenza virus is introduced into the respiratory tract, by aerosol or by contact with saliva or other respiratory secretions from an infected individual, it attaches to and replicates in epithelial cells. The virus replicates in cells of both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Viral replication combined with the immune response to infection (which …
On episode 34 of the podcast “This Week in Virology”, Vincent, Alan, and Stephen Morse discuss progressive vaccinia in a smallpox vaccinee, arsenic and influenza in mice, facemasks and flu transmission, and antigenic and genetic analyses of the new H1N1 influenza virus. [powerpress url=”http://traffic.libsyn.com/twiv/TWiV034.mp3″] Click the arrow above to play, or right-click to download TWiV …
A new member of the arenavirus family, Lujo virus, has been identified in patients who died during an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in late 2008. Sequence analysis reveals that Lujo is a new arenavirus, genetically distinct from other members of the family which includes Lassa virus. A patient with unexplained hemorrhagic fever was identified in …
Lujo virus, a new hemorrhagic fever virus from Southern Africa Read More »
The microneutralization assay is another technique used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine that some adults have serum cross-reactive antibodies to the new influenza H1N1 virus. Let’s explore how this assay works. Viral replication is often studied in the laboratory by infecting cells that are grown in plastic dishes or flasks, …
